SUBNETTING

 Subnetting is the process of dividing the single network into multiple smaller networks.

• Subnetting helps in minimizing the wastage of IP addresses.

A= 16 Millions

B= 65536

C= 256

👉 Subnetting can be performing two ways.

• FLSM(Fixed length subnet Mask).
• VLSM(variable length subnet mask).

IP Address Classification:

Class A   0 - 127      

Class B  128 - 191

Class C  192 - 223 ( Used in LAN & WAN)

Class D  224 - 239  Reserved for Multicasting

Class E 240 - 255  Reserved for Research & Development.

Types of Communication:

In IPV4 networks, the host can communicate in three different ways.

1. Unicast: The process of sending a packet from one host to an individual host.
2. Broadcast: Sending a packet from one host to all hosts in the network.
3. Multicast: Sending a packet from one host to a selected group of hosts, possibly in different networks.

Class D  224 - 239  Reserved for Multicasting

Subnet-Mask:

Subnet mask differentiates the network and host portion.

1   Represent Network

0   Represent host

C- Class FLSM - Requirement of 40 hosts:

2^H -2 >= requirement                                                                  

2^6-2 >= 40

62> = 40

Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192

192.168.1.0/26

Block size: 256 - (Value from subnet Mask)

Block size:  256-192= 64

Number of subnets: 2^N= 2^2= 4

Number of hosts per subnet: 2^6-2= 62

Network Address                                               Broadcast Address

192.168.1.0                                                           192.168.1.63

192.168.1.64                                                         192.168.1.127

192.168.1.128                                                       192.168.1.191

192.168.1.192                                                       192.168.1.255

Network Address	Usable Host Range	Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.0	192.168.1.1 -     192.168.1.62	192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64	192.168.1.65 -   192.168.1.126	192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128	192.168.1.129 - 192.168.1.190	192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192	192.168.1.193 - 192.168.1.254	192.168.1.255

What are the network Id and Broadcast id of: 192.168.60.55/20

192.168.60.55/20

Subnet Mask:       255.255.240.0

Block Size:            256-240= 16

Network id:          192.168.48.0

Broadcast id:       192.168.63.255

Usable IP:             192.168.48.1- 192.168.63.254

Wildcard Mask:    0.0.15.255

Number of usable Host:  4094